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Gallipoli, by Peter Hart
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One of the most famous battles in history, the WWI Gallipoli campaign began as a bold move by the British to capture Constantinople, but this definitive new history explains that from the initial landings--which ended with so much blood in the sea it could be seen from airplanes overhead--to the desperate attacks of early summer and the battle of attrition that followed, it was a tragic folly destined to fail from the start.
Gallipoli forced the young Winston Churchill from office, established Turkey's iconic founder Mustafa Kemal (better known as "Ataturk"), and marked Australia's emergence as a nation in its own right. Drawing on unpublished eyewitness accounts by individuals from all ranks--not only from Britain, Australia and New Zealand, but from Turkey and France as well--Peter Hart weaves first-hand stories into a vivid narrative of the battle and its aftermath. Hart, a historian with the Imperial War Museum and a battlefield tour guide at Gallipoli, provides a vivid, boots-on-the-ground account that brilliantly evokes the confusion of war, the horrors of combat, and the grim courage of the soldiers. He provides an astute, unflinching assessment of the leaders as well. He shows that the British invasion was doomed from the start, but he places particular blame on General Sir Ian Hamilton, whose misplaced optimism, over-complicated plans, and unwillingness to recognize the gravity of the situation essentially turned likely failure into complete disaster.
Capturing the sheer drama and bravery of the ferocious fighting, the chivalry demonstrated by individuals on both sides amid merciless wholesale slaughter, and the futility of the cause for which ordinary men fought with extraordinary courage and endurance--Gallipoli is a riveting account of a battle that continues to fascinate us close to a hundred years after the event.
- Sales Rank: #461132 in Books
- Published on: 2011-10-03
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 6.60" h x 1.70" w x 9.20" l, 1.89 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 544 pages
Review
"[Peter Hart] has skillfully blended his analysis of the campaign with scores of personal accounts from both sides that fought at Gallipoli, and there are numerous maps to help readers better understand the progress of the fighting. Those who are interested in the First World War will find this a most compelling book, as we seek 'to resolve the conundrum of how somthing so stupid, so doomed from the outset, can remain so utterly fascinating.'" --Army History
"Gallipoli is replete with lengthy and compelling quotations by Australian, British, French and Turkish soldiers, most never before published. Hart's intimate familiarity with the battlefield, where he leads regular tours, adds a level of understanding absent from other books. Overall, Gallipoli is an important contribution to the growing literature on this epic and tragic campaign." --Edward G. Lengel, Military History
"The human element still defines this compelling account of an operation Hart dismisses as a 'lunacy that never could have succeeded,' driven by wishful thinking as opposed to the professional analysis of ends and means...He is at his best, however, in explaining and presenting the 'near-superhuman courage and endurance' of the combatants. That remains Gallipoli's enduring appeal." --Publishers Weekly
"An important reevaluation, largely from the Allied point of view. An excellent summary of an iconic campaign, offering many lessons for war planners." --Library Journal
"HERE is a marvellous, ghastly book...What makes Mr Hart's version so bracing is his method. He is a specialist in oral history at London's Imperial War Museum, and this book, like others he has written or co-written, gains richness and texture from the use of first-hand testimony." --The Economist
"This thorough updating of one of WWI's great 'might have beens' makes a good acquistion as we approach the centennial of the battle." --Booklist
"Macleod's Gallipoli is a valuable contribution to the sea of Gallipoli scholarship available. Her focus on the meaning of the campaign to the cultures of several of the participant nations is a much-needed scholarly approach to what is often an emotional discussion."-Richard Fulton, H-Net
About the Author
Peter Hart is Oral Historian of the Imperial War Museum and works as battlefield tour guide at Gallipoli. He is author of The Somme: The Darkest Hour on the Western Front and 1918: A Very British Victory
Most helpful customer reviews
53 of 53 people found the following review helpful.
A masterful anatomy of futile courage
By George A. Webster
`Gallipoli' is not the first time that Hart has been drawn to the disastrously conceived campaign of that name. He first put it under the microscope seventeen years ago in `Defeat At Gallipoli' , co-written with Nigel Steel. Since then, he has visited those fatal shores on several occasions leading battlefield tours. He tells us, indeed, that "Gallipoli will always be my primary interest in the Great War. I still love visiting the scenes of this most powerful of human dramas and long may that continue." In other words, here is an author who for the best part of twenty years has worked with and reflected upon the historical evidence for his subject as well as familiarising himself with the physical landscape upon which it was enacted. `Gallipoli' is the fully realised culmination of this investment of time and effort.
Hart sets out the scope of his book in his Preface. His purpose is to give an insight into what it was like to be a soldier at Gallipoli almost a century ago. This he achieves through his skilful selection of largely unpublished accounts from the men themselves. He's been weaving such eyewitness narratives into his books for long enough now to need no particular commendation from me as to how well he does this. But Hart's `Gallipoli' is an important book because of the context into which he places these fascinating first-person accounts. His overarching goal is to expose the futility of the campaign in which these individual experiences took place. This is achieved in two ways. Firstly, throughout the book Hart, himself a convinced `Westerner', looks at the Gallipoli adventure from the gimlet eyed perspective of the professional observers amongst the British High Command on the Western Front - the men who, rightly, remained convinced throughout the war that the only way to decisively win it was to beat the main German field army in the main theatre of the war. Hart never lets the reader forget that that was always going to be the Western Front, not the Dardanelles and that the latter was always a distraction from and a drain upon the former. Secondly, Hart guides us through the key battles of the Gallipoli campaign with a keen eye for the most tactically illuminating and less familiar episodes. In other words there is much that is new in this retelling of an oft-told tale.
Not the least of Hart's achievements in `Gallipoli' is to strike the right balance in according due prominence and recognition to each of the contingents of the truly international forces deployed there. Few military campaigns have spawned such legacies of national sentiment around the globe as Gallipoli. In Turkey and Australia and New Zealand in particular the epic of Gallipoli has become an essential component of the sinews of nationhood and a key element of the unifying myths which are essential to creating a sense of national identity in all countries. Yet whilst giving due recognition to these elements, and building the core of the story he unfolds around the British and ANZAC forces, Hart never loses sight of the important contributions of others. In particular, he makes the telling point that the part played by the French has usually received less than its due in English language accounts and that "it could be argued that they were the most effective fighting force at Gallipoli." Nor does he fall into the trap of portraying an Allied disaster as having more to do with bad luck than the skill and tenacious courage of their enemy. To this end Hart has introduced evidence from Turkish sources to give the reader a conception of the battle from their point of view. As he justly puts it, "they were, after all, the victors in 1915; the story they tell is one of equal heroism and superior military competence." Yet out of this broad picture of the seat of war and the various contingents engaged there, the stoic courage and bloody minded endurance of the losers never fails to impress the reader of the well-chosen and often moving accounts of the appalling situation which they found themselves in. The factual foundation stones of the ANZAC legend are safe in Hart's capable hands.
Peter Hart has an impressive enough back catalogue of Great War histories to his name which speak for themselves - almost literally, more often than not, due to his trademark use of unerringly apt quotations from the participants. Hart's skills, developed over thirty years of interviewing military veterans as the oral historian at the Imperial War Museum, are never less than evident in his selection of these verbatim quotes. Others, of course, have used similar techniques - Lyn MacDonald is one who springs immediately to mind. What takes Hart's work immeasurably beyond such cut and paste works, however, is the insight and authority of his linking narratives which place his eyewitness accounts firmly into their historical context. The wisdom of Hart's contextualisation and conclusions are what have earned him a reputation as a fine military historian. Whilst he is an unashamedly popular narrative historian, Hart's books always fully support his conclusions through their extensive source notes. In his `Gallipoli' we see the maturing of an historian at the top of his game. In this book the authoritative historical analysis and narrative into which the gem stones of the accounts of participants are set is even more extensive than in his previous works, giving Peter Hart's `Gallipoli' an immediate claim to be an essential title for anyone interested in what the author calls this "doomed but fascinating campaign." Recommended.
22 of 23 people found the following review helpful.
Gallipoli by Peter Hart
By JCS
Most of us that have been fortunate enough to visit the battlefields of Gallipoli know that one visit isn't enough. Gallipoli is the type of place that makes you return ... again and again. Similarly, not content with writing one book on the Gallipoli campaign, Peter Hart has written a second account of this ill-fated venture and we should be rightly thankful.
This new book uses completely new material to that found in his first book, "Defeat at Gallipoli", written with Nigel Steele and published in 1994.
Hart needs no introduction to the WW1 military history enthusiasts. His previous publications cover all three services and he is particularly noted for "The Somme", "1918: A Very British Victory" and "Aces Falling" (that formed the nucleus for the well received BBC Timewatch of the same name).
In case you didn't know, Peter Hart is the Oral Historian at the Imperial War Museum. His genre is to use first-hand accounts and weave them into incisive and frank campaign analysis, and very importantly, in a style that is easy to follow and fully understandable. "Gallipoli" is no different and is arguably Hart's best work yet.
Hart's theme is that the Gallipoli campaign was doomed from the outset and significantly averted war resources away from the critical war theatre of the Western Front. He begins by setting the political scene that led to the Naval and Army campaigns. We learn that the Turkish army that opposed the British forces were not an ill-disciplined rabble but professional, highly motivated troops, well led by subalterns and senior officers; the myth of Turkish machine guns confronting the Allied landings is skilfully and persuasively argued against. The different stages of the campaign are broken down into a series of chapters and together with the concise maps, Hart's descriptions of locations and places of combat could easily serve as a battlefield guide on location. As it happens, included at the back of the book is a guide to visiting Helles, ANZAC and Suvla - some people think of everything.
When I had finished Gallipoli it was difficult to decide what I liked best about Hart's new book but of course this accolade must be reserved for the first hand accounts that make this history book so vivid. Hart doesn't only interlace his authoritative narrative with British and ANZAC first-hand accounts, but also with those from the French, German and Turkish combatants as well. This isn't just another book on Gallipoli but is breaking new ground and encompassing the views of those from all the participating nations. Add to this, photos that I certainly haven't seen published before, plus the extensive list of references and sources, and you have the Must Have book for military enthusiasts for 2011.
Well done Peter Hart.
14 of 14 people found the following review helpful.
Gallipoli - An Essential Read
By J. Grundy
The Gallipoli campaign cannot be said to have been poorly served by historians. Indeed, this is the author's second work on the subject, the first, "Defeat at Gallipoli", was co-authored with Nigel Steel. However, this book makes a strong claim to adding much that is new to our understanding of what it meant to be a participant in the ill-fated Dardanelles adventure. And one that I would unhesitatingly recommend to anyone interested the subject.
The telling of history, particularly that concerning the Great War, has developed significantly in the past thirty years or so. The actions of great men and plans of campaign illustrated by broad arrows on a map have been largely overtaken by anecdotal accounts of the actual participants. Both approaches have their merits but weaknesses too. Detached accounts telling how this or that division or brigade moved an inch across a map pay little heed to the price paid by the men on the ground. Whilst the stories of the men themselves without the historical infrastructure on which to link the reality of war to how and why they came to be there in the first place leave the reader little the wiser. And Peter Hart again proves himself to be a master at combining the two traditions, complemented with his own informed and expertly articulated interpretation of events.
'Gallipoli' is written in the author's by now trademark style. The motivations and actions of those at the very top of the chain of command are outlined clearly and concisely, setting in context the experiences of those given the job of putting the lofty aims of the likes of Churchill into practice. But, and this was for me the stand out feature of this work, the author reminds us that the allied forces were not simply battling military incompetence, difficult terrain, a harsh climate and flies but well-led and very brave, professional Turkish soldiers. In addition, we are reminded of the French contribution to the campaign, one that has received little attention from English-speaking authors (and I suspect amongst French ones too). Indeed, Peter Hart goes so far as to argue that the French were the most effective military force on the allied side and given the hardest task, exposed as they were to fire from the Asiatic shore whilst tackling some of the toughest conditions found anywhere on the Peninsular.
The role of the French contingent might surprise many readers, as will, perhaps, the author's firm assertion at the very beginning of the book that the campaign was a forlorn hope from the start. Hart's contention is that politicians looking for a cheap alternative to taking on Germany on the Western Front did more than delude themselves, they wasted thousands of lives in the process. And the grand scheme to send aid to Russia via the Dardanelles is exposed as a complete fantasy. The irony that the British in 1915 lacked the very shells and artillery required to break the deadlock of trench warfare, either in France or Gallipoli, meaning there were none to spare for the Russians in the first place, is not lost.
Although this is the author's second visit to Gallipoli, the quotations from those involved are all new; their power will make an impact on the most avid reader of military history. As such, `Gallipoli' is another magnificent tribute by Peter Hart to the generation that fought the Great War. I am, as anyone might guess, an admirer of the author's work. But what is clear here and in his other works is that Peter Hart directs our admiration to those whose story he has so beautifully told. Highly recommended.
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